<scp>Spatio‐temporal</scp> evaluation of gridded precipitation products for the <scp>high‐altitude Indus basin</scp>

The high-altitude Indus basin is one of the most complex and inadequately explored mountain terrains in World, where reliable observations precipitation are highly lacking. Therefore, spatially distributed products developed at global/regional scale often used several scientific disciplines. However, large uncertainties estimates such data sets lead to suboptimal outcomes. In this study, performance 27 widely gridded belonging three different categories gauge-based, reanalysis merged evaluated with respect high-quality reference climatologies mean monthly precipitation. Widely statistical measures quantitative analysis techniques analyse spatial patterns distribution monthly, seasonal annual sub-regional scale. Mean cross validated corresponding adjusted streamflows using Turc-Budyko non-dimensional analysis. Results reveal poor moderately good sets. Marked differences spatiotemporal found among All consistent their showing negative or dry bias wet areas positive areas, although considerable magnitudes biases noticed None equally for all sub-regions due very high variability Gauge-based performed better regions during monsoon season, while provided winter months. GPCC V8, ERA5 MSWEP2.2 than counter-grouped Overall, acceptable sub-regions, particularly higher-altitudes,